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81.
Martino Calvo Claudia Giordano Roberto Battiston Paolo de Bernardis Benno Margesin Silvia Masi Alessandro Monfardini 《Experimental Astronomy》2010,28(2-3):185-194
We describe the design, optimization, electrical and optical tests of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) for the mm-wave range. Our detectors are based on a novel resonator design, and are suitable for ground-based astronomical observations in the 143 GHz atmospheric window. The measured optical Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) at 0.3 K is $\sim 10^{-16}~\text{W}/\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ under a 300 K background load. This is equivalent or better than the performance of the best current bolometric detectors for the 140 GHz atmospheric window, limited by atmospheric noise in the best available sites. We also describe which improvements can be introduced to reduce the NEP of our detector, for lower background applications (narrow band or space-based). 相似文献
82.
In order to define adequate prevention measures and to manage landslide emergencies, real-time monitoring is required. This
paper presents two different applications of the remote sensing technique: the ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry,
here proposed as a monitoring and early warning support for slope instability. Data acquisitions carried out through a ground-based
synthetic aperture radar interferometer, operating in Ku band, installed in front of the observed slopes, are discussed. Two case studies, based on the use of the same apparatus
(formerly developed by the Joint Research Center of the European Commission and by Ellegi-LiSALab srl), are reported: the
first one concerns the monitoring of a large landslide, named Ruinon (Valfurva, Italy). The second one deals with the monitoring
of the NW unstable slope in the Stromboli island aimed to implementing an early warning system. Acquired interferometric data
are processed to provide displacements and velocity maps of the monitored area. The monitoring services ongoing on the Ruinon
landslide and on Stromboli demonstrate the capability of this technique to operate in different operative settings (i.e.,
different phenomena and geological framework) and for different aims (monitoring for prevention, early warning, and emergency
assessment). This methodology has also been proved by national and regional authorities of civil protection in order to provide
a real-time monitoring for emergency management. 相似文献
83.
Benito Giordano 《Area》2001,33(1):27-37
The Lega Nord (Northern League) regionalist party, which has risen to prominence in Italy in recent years, has a specific geographical focus to its political project. This is premised essentially upon the protection of Northern Italian economic (and cultural) interests, however, this geographical focus has been modified during the Lega Nord's relatively short political history. This paper explores the reasons why there have been various shifts in geographical emphasis in the party's political rhetoric as well as the ways in which support for the Lega Nord has changed (or not) as a result of these changes. Interestingly, the latest shift in the Lega Nord's rhetoric has seen the party attempting to construct (and invent) a geography and an ethnicity for a place it calls 'Padania' (which roughly corresponds to North and Central Italy) that has never existed administratively or historically. However, as the paper argues, the Lega Nord's attempts to create a 'Padanian' political identity, have not been matched by any significant changes in its electoral geography. 相似文献
84.
Volcanic geomorphology and tectonics of the Aeolian archipelago (Southern Italy) based on integrated DEM data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Massimiliano FavalliM Dávid Karátson Roberto Mazzuoli Maria Teresa Pareschi Guido Ventura 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,68(2):157-170
The geomorphological and morphometric analysis of the sea floor topography surrounding the Aeolian Islands, South Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, provides insights into the relationships between the volcanological evolution of the islands and their tectonic features. We constructed geomorphological maps of the submarine portions of the seven large edifices constituting the islands on the basis of a DEM with a 5 m resolution step. These maps include constructional and destructional landforms such as submarine volcanic vents located west of Lipari and north of Alicudi, and hummocky surfaces recognised north of Lipari and Salina. The latter landforms, together with the occurrence of large scars affecting the main edifices on land, suggest that sector collapses affected some islands. Geomorphological data indicate that the location of subaerial and submarine vents is strongly controlled by local tectonic structures striking WNW-ESE (Alicudi-Filicudi sector), NNW-SSE (Salina-Lipari-Vulcano sector) and NE-SW (Panarea-Stromboli sector). The islands can be divided into two groups on the basis of some morphometric parameters: a first group with a pancake-like shape, Dp/D (abrasion platform diameter/basal diameter) higher than 0.40 and H/D (total height/basal diameter) lower than 0.13, and a second group with a conical shape, characterised by Dp/D lower than 0.34 and H/D higher than 0.14. These ratios and other morphometric parameters reflect the different volcanological and structural evolution of the Aeolian Islands. The pancake-like shaped complexes have been created, in addition to their submarine stage, by extrusive and highly explosive activity, whereas the cone-shaped edifices have been characterised by effusive or moderate explosive activity.Editorial responsibility: C Kilburn 相似文献
85.
Five hundred eighty-five viscosity measurements on 40 melt compositions from the ternary system CaMgSi2O6 (Di)-CaAl2Si2O8 (An)-NaAlSi3O8 (Ab) have been compiled to create an experimental database spanning a wide range of temperatures (660-2175°C). The melts within this ternary system show near-Arrhenian to strongly non-Arrhenian properties, and in this regard are comparable to natural melts. The database is used to produce a chemical model for the compositional and temperature dependence of melt viscosity in the Di-An-Ab system. We use the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation (VFT: log η = A + B/(T − C)) to account for the temperature dependence of melt viscosity. We also assume that all silicate melts converge to a common viscosity at high temperature. Thus, A is independent of composition, and all compositional dependence resides in the parameters B and C. The best estimate for A is −5.06, which implies a high-temperature limit to viscosity of 10-5.06 Pa s. The compositional dependence of B and C is expressed by 12 coefficients (bi=1,2.6, cj=1,2..6) representing linear (e.g., bi=1:3) and higher order, nonlinear (e.g., bi=4:6) contributions. Our results suggest a near-linear compositional dependence for B (<10% nonlinear) and C (<7% nonlinear). We use the model to predict model VFT functions and to demonstrate the systematic variations in viscosity due to changes in melt composition. Despite the near linear compositional dependence of B and C, the model reproduces the pronounced nonlinearities shown by the original data, including the crossing of VFT functions for different melt compositions. We also calculate values of Tg for melts across the Di-An-Ab ternary system and show that intermediate melt compositions have Tg values that are depressed by up to 100°C relative to the end-members Di-An-Ab. Our non-Arrhenian viscosity model accurately reproduces the original database, allows for continuous variations in rheological properties, and has a demonstrated capacity for extrapolation beyond the original data. 相似文献
86.
Giovanni Chiodini Stefano Caliro Giorgio Caramanna Domenico Granieri Carmine Minopoli Roberto Moretti Lavinia Perotta Guido Ventura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):759-780
The marine sector surrounding Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, South Italy) is affected by widespread submarine emissions
of CO2 -rich gases and thermal water discharges which have been known since the Roman Age. On November 3rd, 2002 an anomalous degassing event affected the area, probably in response to a submarine explosion. The concentrations of
minor reactive gases (CO, CH4 and H2) of samples collected in November and December, 2002 show drastic compositional changes when compared to previous samples
collected from the same area in the 1980s. In particular the samples collected after the November 3rd phenomenon display relative increases in H2 and CO and a strong decrease in the CH4 contents, while other gas species show no significant change. The interaction of the original gas with seawater explains
the variable contents of CO2, H2S, N2, Ar and He which characterize the different samples, but cannot explain the large variations of CO, CH4 and H2 which are instead compatible with changes in the redox, temperature and pressure conditions of the system. Two models, both
implying an increasing input of magmatic fluids are compatible with the observed variations of minor reactive species. In
the first one, the input of magmatic fluids drives the hydrothermal system towards atypical (more oxidizing) redox conditions,
slowly pressurizing the system up to a critical state. In the second one, the hydrothermal system is flashed by the rising
high-T volcanic fluid, suddenly released by a magmatic body at depth. The two models have different implications for volcanic
surveillance and risk assessment: In the first case, the November 3rd event may represent both the culmination of a relatively slow process which caused the overpressurization of the hydrothermal
system and the beginning of a new phase of quiescence. The possible evolution of the second model is unforeseeable because
it is mainly related to the thermal, baric and compositional state of the deep magmatic system that is poorly known. 相似文献
87.
88.
Guido Gonzato Francesco Mulargia & Warner Marzocchi 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,132(2):275-282
89.
Hamish A. Sandeman Alan H. Clark Edward Farrar Guido Arroyo-Pauca 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》1996,9(5-6)
The Cayconi Formation of the Crucero Basin, Puno Department, southeastern Peru, has been described as a 800–1000 m sequence of Oligocene and Miocene fanglomerate and lacustrine sedimentary rocks, interlayered with mafic and silicic volcanic rocks, and unconformably overlying Paleozoic and Cretaceous successions. On the basis of new field and petrological investigations, key aspects of the stratigraphic relationships of the rocks comprising this formation, and hence the viability of this lithostratigraphic name, are questioned. Thus, several sedimentary units previously assigned to the Cayconi Formation are reinterpreted as Cretaceous or older. We further argue that the formational terminology fails to accomodate the great variety of volcanic rocks, which are, moreover, disposed in isolated eruptive fields. We therefore propose establishment of the Crucero Supergroup as a broad, yet flexible framework for lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Tertiary sequences of the Cordillera Oriental of southeastern Peru. This new nomenclature accomodates the voluminous two-mica ash flow tuffs (Macusani Volcanics) and associated rocks of the Quenamari Meseta, a succession excluded from the existing lithostratigraphic classification scheme. It also permits distinction between the petrogenetically-contrasted upper Oligocene — Lower Miocene and Middle Miocene — Upper Miocene volcanic suites, which dominate, respectively, the Picotani and Quenamari Groups comprising the proposed Crucero Supergroup. Finally, the economically important granitic/rhyolitic intrusive centers cogenetic with the volcanic rocks are readily assignable to intrusive lithodemes in each group. 相似文献
90.